Skip navigation.
New Mexico State University

Speakers

James A. Baker, III

James A. Baker, III, has served in senior government positions under three United States presidents. He served as the nation's 61st Secretary of State from January 1989 through August 1992 under President George Bush. During his tenure at the State Department, Mr. Baker traveled to 90 foreign countries as the United States confronted the unprecedented challenges and opportunities of the post-Cold War era.

Mr. Baker served as the 67th Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 under President Ronald Reagan. As treasury secretary, he was also chairman of the President's Economic Policy Council. From 1981 to 1985, he served as White House chief of staff to President Reagan. Mr. Baker's record of public service began in 1975 as under secretary of commerce to President Gerald Ford. It concluded with his service as White House chief of staff and senior counselor to President Bush from August 1992 to January 1993.

Long active in American presidential politics, Mr. Baker led presidential campaigns for Presidents Ford, Reagan, and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to 1992.

A native Houstonian, Mr. Baker graduated from Princeton University in 1952. After two years of active duty as a lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps, he entered the University of Texas School of Law at Austin. He received his JD with honors in 1957 and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from 1957 to 1975.

Mr. Baker's memoir- "Work Hard, Study . . . and Keep Out of Politics! Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life"- was published in October 2006.

Mr. Baker received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 and has been the recipient of many other awards for distinguished public service, including Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson Award, the American Institute for Public Service's Jefferson Award, Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government Award, The Hans J. Morgenthau Award, The George F. Kennan Award, the Department of the Treasury's Alexander Hamilton Award, the Department of State's Distinguished Service Award, and numerous honorary academic degrees.

Mr. Baker is presently a senior partner in the law firm of Baker Botts. He is Honorary Chairman of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University and serves on the board of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. From 1997 to 2004, Mr. Baker served as the personal envoy of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to seek a political solution to the conflict over Western Sahara. In 2003, Mr. Baker was appointed special presidential envoy for President George W. Bush on the issue of Iraqi debt. In 2005, he was co-chair, with former President Jimmy Carter, of the Federal Commission on Election Reform. In 2006, Mr. Baker and former U.S. Congressman Lee H. Hamilton have served as the co-chairs of the Iraq Study Group, a bipartisan blue-ribbon panel on Iraq. Currently, Mr. Baker and former Secretary of State Warren Christopher serve as co-chairs of the National War Powers Commission.

Mr. Baker was born in Houston, Texas in 1930. He and his wife, the former Susan Garrett, currently reside in Houston, and have eight children and 19 grandchildren.

Jeff Bingaman

Jeff Bingaman grew up in Silver City in a family with deep New Mexico small town roots. His father was a science professor at Western New Mexico University, and his mother taught in the public schools. He graduated from high school in Silver City, then attended Harvard University and later Stanford Law School. There he met fellow law student Anne Kovacovich. After graduation, they married and returned to New Mexico, where they both practiced law. Later, their son John was born. Jeff was elected New Mexico Attorney General in 1978. In that role, he earned a reputation as a thoughtful and dedicated public official. In 1982, he won election to the United States Senate. Since then, Jeff's seniority in the Senate and his leadership positions on key committees have allowed him to champion issues important to New Mexico. His determination to solve real problems facing New Mexico's families and communities has put him in the forefront on a range of issues, including fighting crime, providing affordable healthcare, improving our schools, developing renewable energy, protecting our natural resources, and creating and retaining good jobs across the state and nation.

COMMITTEES AND RESPONSIBILITIES A committee is an organization of the Senate that considers legislation, conducts hearings and investigations, and carries out other assignments.

Energy and Natural Resources Committee

Chairman - The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee has jurisdiction over national energy policy and the nation's public lands.

Finance Committee

Chairman of the Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure, Member, Subcommittee on Health Care and the Subcommittee on International Trade and Global Competitiveness

The Finance Committee has jurisdiction over Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, tax policy, trade policy, and other key domestic issues.

Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee

Member of Subcommittee on Children and Families, and Retirement and Aging

The Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee is responsible for the oversight of federal education programs, pension reform, and health care policy.

Joint Economic Committee

Senior Member - The Joint Economic Committee studies issues that affect the U.S. economy. This is a bicameral congressional committee.

Samuel W. Bodman

Samuel Wright Bodman was sworn in as the 11th Secretary of Energy on February 1, 2005 after the United States Senate unanimously confirmed him on January 31, 2005. He leads the Department of Energy with a budget in excess of $23 billion and over 100,000 federal and contractor employees.

Previously, Secretary Bodman served as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury beginning in February 2004. He also served the Bush Administration as the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Commerce beginning in 2001. A financier and executive by trade, with three decades of experience in the private sector, Secretary Bodman was well suited manage the day-to-day operations of both of these cabinet agencies.

Born in 1938 in Chicago, he graduated in 1961 with a B.S. in chemical engineering from Cornell University. In 1965, he completed his ScD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For the next six years he served as an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT and began his work in the financial sector as Technical Director of the American Research and Development Corporation, a pioneer venture capital firm. He and his colleagues provided financial and managerial support to scores of new business enterprises located throughout the United States.

From there, Secretary Bodman went to Fidelity Venture Associates, a division of the Fidelity Investments. In 1983 he was named President and Chief Operating Officer of Fidelity Investments and a Director of the Fidelity Group of Mutual Funds. In 1987, he joined Cabot Corporation, a Boston-based Fortune 300 company with global business activities in specialty chemicals and materials, where he served as Chairman, CEO, and a Director. Over the years, he has been a Director of many other publicly owned corporations.

Secretary Bodman has also been active in public service. He is a former Director of M.I.T.'s School of Engineering Practice and a former member of the M.I.T. Commission on Education. He also served as a member of the Executive and Investment Committees at M.I.T., a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and a Trustee of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum and the New England Aquarium.

Secretary Bodman is married to M. Diane Bodman. He has three children, two stepchildren, and eight grandchildren.

Garrey Carruthers

Garrey Carruthers has enjoyed a varied and interesting professional life. He holds a bachelor of science and masters degrees from New Mexico State University (NMSU) in Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business and a Ph.D. in Economics from Iowa State University. He began his teaching career at NMSU doing his favorite thing - guiding students. He twice "did time" in Washington, D. C., the first as a White House Fellow assigned to the Secretary of Agriculture and the second time as Assistant Secretary of the US Department of the Interior during the Reagan Administration. He was a successful Governor of New Mexico, serving as the last constitutionally limited, four year single term governors. His entrepreneurial spirit lead him next into the health care business where he served as President and CEO of Cimarron Health Plan, a home grown, successful managed care company, now sold to a national managed care corporation. He returned to his roots in July 2003 to become the Dean of the College of Business at NMSU. He also serves as the Vice President for Economic Development at the university.

Garrey and his first wife of 47 years, Kathy, enjoy their children and grandchildren and spend their leisure time together on the golf course.

Pete V. Domenici

Sen. Pete V. Domenici was born May 7, 1932 in Albuquerque, N.M. He is one of five children, and only son, of Italian immigrants. Growing up, he worked in father's wholesale grocery business and later graduated in 1950 from St. Mary's High School in Albuquerque. He earned an education degree from the University of New Mexico in 1954. That year he also pitched for Albuquerque Dukes - a farm club for the old Brooklyn Dodgers. The following year Domenici left baseball to become a math teacher at Garfield Junior High in Albuquerque.

In 1958 Domenici earned a law degree from the University of Denver and returned to Albuquerque to enter private practice. He married the former Nancy Burk that same year. The Domenicis have eight children: two sons and six daughters. Domenici was elected to Albuquerque City Commission in 1966. He was elected Commission Chairman (equivalent then to Mayor) in 1967.

He was the first Republican in 38 years in New Mexico to be elected to the U.S. Senate in 1972. With his re-election in 2002, Domenici became the first New Mexican elected to serve six full six-year terms in the Senate.

Domenici has served longer in the U.S. Senate than any other New Mexican in history.

Mike Fitzpatrick

Michael Fitzpatrick is Executive Director of NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness). Until January of 2004, Michael served both as the Director of NAMI's Policy Research Institute and as NAMI's National Director of Policy.

Mr. Fitzpatrick has an MSW in Administration and Planning from Boston College. He has also served in the Maine Legislature. From 1994-1996, he served as the House Chair of the Health and Human Services Committee.

Prior to joining NAMI in 1999, Mr. Fitzpatrick was employed by the Spurwink Institute. Mr. Fitzpatrick has also been employed in senior management positions in state government, with non-profit agencies and in the private sector. He has developed successful education, employment, housing, outreach and rehabilitation programs.

Mr. Fitzpatrick has served on numerous community, government and non-profit boards and expert panels. He has served as the President of the Board of the Long Term Care Ombudsman Program in his home state of Maine. He presently serves as the Chair of the Campaign for Mental Health Reform (2006). He also serves on the Board of REACH (Resource for Advancing Children's Health) Institute (2006).

Siegfried S. Hecker

Siegfried Hecker is co-director of the Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation, Senior Fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and Professor (Research) in the Department of Management Science and Engineering. He is also director emeritus at the Los Alamos National Laboratory/University of California, where he served as director from 1986-1997 and senior fellow until July 2005. He joined the Los Alamos National Laboratory as technical staff member in 1973, following a postdoctoral assignment there in 1968-1970 and a summer graduate student assignment in 1965. He served as chairman of the Center for Materials Science and division leader of the Materials Science and Technology Division before becoming director. From 1970 to 1973 he was a senior research metallurgist at the General Motors Research Laboratories. Dr. Hecker received his B.S. in metallurgy in 1965 and M.S. in metallurgy in 1967 from Case Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. in metallurgy in 1968 from Case Western Reserve University.

Dr. Hecker's research interests include plutonium science, nuclear weapon policy and international security, nuclear security (including nonproliferation and counter terrorism), and cooperative nuclear threat reduction. Over the past 16 years, he has fostered cooperation with the Russian nuclear laboratories to secure and safeguard the vast stockpile of ex-Soviet fissile materials. His current interests include the challenges of nuclear India, Pakistan, North Korea, and the nuclear aspirations of Iran. Hecker works closely with the Russian Academy of Sciences and is actively involved with the U.S. National Academies. He served on the National Academy of Engineering Council and its International Programs Committee. He is chair of the Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States, and a member of the National Academies Committee on International Security and Arms Control Nonproliferation Panel.

Dr. Hecker is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the TMS (Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Society), Fellow of the American Society for Metals, Honorary Member of the American Ceramics Society, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Among other awards, Dr. Hecker received the American Nuclear Society Seaborg Medal (2004), the Acta Materialia J. Herbert Hollomon Award (2004), the Case Western Reserve University Alumni Association Gold Medal (2004) and Undergraduate Distinguished Alumni Award (2001), the New Mexico Distinguished Public Service Award, (1998); was named Laboratory Director of the Year by the Federal Laboratory Consortium, (1998); received an honorary Doctor of Science degree (Honoris Causa) from Colorado School of Mines (2006) and Case Western Reserve University (1998); received the Department of Energy's Distinguished Associate Award, (1997); the University of California's President's Medal, (1997); the ASM Distinguished Life Membership Award, (1997); an Honorary Degree of Scientiae Doctoris, Ripon College (1997); the Navy League New York Council Roosevelt Gold Medal for Science (1996); the Aviation Week Group Laurels Award for National Security (1995); the James O. Douglas Gold Medal Award (1990); the ASM International's Distinguished Lectureship in Materials and Society, (1989); the Kent Van Horn Distinguished Alumnus Award, Case Western Reserve University (1989); an Honorary Degree of Scientiae Doctoris, College of Santa Fe, (1988); the Year's Top 100 Innovations Award from Science Digest (1985); the Department of Energy's E. O. Lawrence Award, (1984); the American Society for Metals, Marcus A. Grossman Young Author Award (1976); and the Wesley P. Sykes Outstanding Metallurgist Award, Case Institute of Technology (1965). He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Nuclear Society, Council on Foreign Relations, Pacific Council, Tau Beta Pi Honorary Engineering Fraternity, Alpha Sigma Mu Honorary Metallurgical Fraternity, and the Society of Sigma Xi. He previously served on the Board of Regents of the University of New Mexico and the Board of the Carrie Tingley Hospital.

Bill Hoagland

G. William Hoagland, Vice President Public Policy, CIGNA

Mr. Hoagland recently completed 33 years of federal government service, 25 spent as staff in the U.S. Senate. On February 1, 2007 CIGNA Corporation appointed him as Vice President of Public Policy to work with CIGNA business leaders, trade associations, business coalitions, and interest groups to develop CIGNA policy particularly on health care reform issues at both the federal and state levels

Prior to coming to CIGNA from January 2003 to December 2006, he served as the Director of Budget and Appropriations, Office of Senate Majority Leader, Bill Frist, M.D. (R-TN). In this role he served as a liaison to the leadership of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He assisted in evaluating the fiscal impact of major legislation and helped to coordinate budget policy for the Senate leadership.

From 1982 until 2003, Mr. Hoagland was a staff member of the U.S. Senate Budget Committee, serving as that Committee's staff director from 1986 to 2003, reporting to Senate Pete V. Domenici (R-NM), chairman and Ranking Member during this period. He participated in major federal budget legislation including the 1985 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Budget Deficit Reduction Act, the 1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act and the historic 1997 Balanced Budget Agreement.

In 1981 he served as the Administrator of the Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service and as a Special Assistant to the Secretary of Agriculture. He was one of the first employees of the then newly created Congressional Budget Office in 1975, working with its first Director, Alice Rivlin.

The 1997 and 2005 National Journal listed him as one of the Washington 100 Decision Makers and referred to him as a "bottom-liner" who in not a "hard-liner." Roll Call, the daily publication of Capitol Hill consistently named Hoagland as one of the top 50 Hill Staffers. In 2002, he received the James L. Blum Award from Distinguished Service in Budgeting. The National Association of State Budget Officers honored him in 2004 with its Leadership in Budgeting Award and in 2006 he was inducted as a Fellow in the National Academy of Public Administration.

Hoagland is an affiliate professor of public policy at the George Mason University and a board member of the committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

Born in Covington, Indiana he attended the U.S. Maritime Academy and holds degrees from Purdue University and the Pennsylvania State University. He continues to be involved in the Indiana family farm, awarded by that State as a "Hoosier Homestead" for having remained in the family for over a century.

Updated: March 2007.

Manuel Lujan, Jr.

Michael Martin

Dr. Michael V. Martin became president of New Mexico State University on July 1, 2004.

An academic leader dedicated to the land-grant mission of teaching, research and extension service, Dr. Martin was named the recipient of the Justin Smith Morrill Memorial Award in 2007. This national award, named after the author of the bill creating land-grant universities, honors and recognizes outstanding service on behalf of the land-grant mission. Only six individuals have been designated to receive this award since it was first given in 1980.

One has only to look at his three years at NMSU to understand why Dr. Martin has been asked to join this distinguished group. He has established the One University concept and called for a five-year plan titled "Living the Vision" to take the university to "the next level." Convinced that NMSU is a hidden jewel in higher education, Dr. Martin laid the groundwork for universitywide extension and created the J. Paul Taylor Social Justice Symposium. In his short time at NMSU, the first capital campaign was established with a goal of raising $150 million by 2010. The campaign met its goal in the first half of the seven-year fundraising plan and the university is now headed toward a new goal of $225 million. Also during his tenure, Dr. Martin has focused on research conducted at the university. He oversaw the establishment of a system of research clusters that revolve around five areas in which NMSU scientists and researchers have expertise: 21st century aerospace, information sciences, bioscience, southwest border issues, and natural resources. Expenditures on research and public service are at $165.4 million annually.

Dr. Martin also is a recognized leader in the state, being named a powerbroker by the New Mexico Business Weekly in 2006. He continues to be active as a scholar and has written numerous book chapters and articles for academic journals, trade publications and the popular press. He recently has published pieces for The Chronicle of Higher Education and University Business. Named the Outstanding Alumnus of Minnesota State University Mankato in 2006, Dr. Martin also received the NMSU Social Justice Award in 2005.

Before coming to NMSU, he served for six years as vice president for agriculture and natural resources at the University of Florida, leading the university's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences with more than 3,000 employees statewide. He was elevated to senior vice president of the University of Florida shortly before being selected as NMSU's president.

Previously, he was vice president for agricultural policy and the dean of the college of agricultural, food and environmental sciences at the University of Minnesota. He began his academic career at Oregon State University as a faculty member in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

A native of Crosby, Minn., Dr. Martin completed a bachelor's degree in business and economics and a master's degree in economics at Mankato State College (Minnesota State University) in Minnesota. He received his Ph.D. in applied economics from the University of Minnesota in 1977. His areas of specialization are marketing, prices, international trade, public policy, transportation and business logistics.

Some of his philosophy is summed up in the following quote: "It is the tradition of land-grant universities to be non-traditional," written as part of a 2001 article titled "The Land-Grant University in the 21st Century," published in the Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. He traced the history of the land-grant movement from the mid-1800s and concluded that "the fundamental land-grant principles of accessibility, practical as well as classical education, research and discovery in the public interest, and connectedness to all the people remain powerful and profound."

He has been active in professional and community service organizations, including the Farm Foundation's Bennett Agricultural Round Table, the National Agricultural Biotechnology Council and the Florida Agricultural Resource Mobilization Foundation. He is a member of the American Economic Association, the American Agricultural Economics Association, the International Association of Agricultural Economics, the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Sigma XI Scientific Research Society and the Economic History Association.

Dr. Martin and his wife Jan have two children, both adopted from South Korea. Amanda, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, is a graphic artist in Saint Paul, Minn. Sam, with a bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota and a master's from Sarah Lawrence college, is a genetics counselor at Beth Israel Hospital in New York City.

Bill Richardson

Bill Richardson is serving his second term as Governor of New Mexico. He was re-elected in 2006 with the support of 69 percent of voters, representing the largest margin of victory for any Governor in state history. He was supported by Democrats, Republicans and Independents, winning in both urban and rural counties New Mexicans overwhelmingly endorsed Governor Richardson's aggressive efforts to improve education, cut taxes, build a high-wage economy, expand health care access, invest in renewable energy and make New Mexico safer.

Bill Richardson's fiscally responsible governing style has allowed New Mexico to tackle important priorities, shifting education money from administration to the classroom, cutting taxes for working families and raising the minimum wage, while maintaining a balanced budget and the highest reserves in state history. He cut $230 million in bureaucratic waste, invested in new opportunities for New Mexico's children and returned more than $1 billion dollars in taxes to working families.

New Mexico continues to be a national leader in job growth and economic momentum - with more than 80,000 more New Mexicans working since Governor Richardson took office, and an unemployment rate that is the lowest in state history.

During his first term as Governor, Richardson made good on his campaign promises to improve education, cut taxes, build a high-wage economy, develop a statewide water plan and make New Mexico safer by getting tough on DWI, domestic violence and sex crimes.

In addition to his duties as Governor, Richardson has taught a course at New Mexico State University, where he provided students with unique perspectives on the inner workings of state government, the importance of public service and taught them about the realities of today's political environment. Richardson previously taught at the University of New Mexico, Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government and the United World College in Montezuma, NM.

As Chairman of the Democratic Governor's Association, Governor Richardson raised more than $28 million for gubernatorial candidates and helped elect the first Democratic majority of governors since 1994. Governor Richardson also served as Chair of the Western Governors Association, Border Governor's Conference and the 2004 Democratic National Convention.

During the 2002 campaign for Governor, Bill Richardson broke a world record. He shook 13,392 hands in an 8-hour period - shattering the record that former president Theodore Roosevelt set on inauguration day in 1907.

Prior to being elected governor, Bill Richardson enjoyed a very successful and fulfilling career in public service, academia and the private sector - few can match his wide-ranging experience and his level of dedication to protecting the rights and improving the quality of life of people in New Mexico, the United States and around the world. Richardson has met face-to-face with some of the world's most intimidating leaders. He negotiated the release of prisoners from Saddam Hussein, convinced corrupt foreign heads of state to step down, and oversaw and reformed one of the most challenging and unmanageable agencies in government, the Department of Energy. In recognition of his concern for human rights abuses and his diplomatic work throughout the world, Richardson was nominated five times for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Bill Richardson served for fifteen years in northern New Mexico representing the 3rd Congressional District, one of the most ethnically diverse in the country. He won every election with more than 60% of the vote, revealing a real mandate for his vision for New Mexico and his ability to effectively represent and serve his constituents. He held 2,700 town hall meetings, an average of about 180 per year. Bill Richardson quickly rose to leadership in Congress, creating the opportunity for him to serve as a serious advocate for New Mexicans. He sponsored and passed a bill to retain and improve health care for rural New Mexicans and also, a bill to increase the amount of nurses in the state. He traveled to Missouri and convinced milk producers to open a dairy factory in eastern New Mexico, creating jobs and bringing economic development to the state. He also worked to bring high-tech parks to the state bringing business and cutting-edge technology to New Mexico. He consistently supported a balanced budget amendment, underscoring his belief that government should live within its means. Bill Richardson ensured that our natural beauty was preserved by creating the Jemez National Recreation area and protecting the Rio Grande River and San Juan Basin. As a "prolific legislator" - and involved committee member, Bill Richardson always made sure that New Mexico had a voice on issues important to the state.

While a congressman, Richardson served as a special envoy on many sensitive international missions. He successfully won the release of hostages, American servicemen, and prisoners in North Korea, Iraq, and Cuba. He also secured the release of an Albuquerque resident who was kept hostage in Sudan.

In 1997, Richardson was nominated to be the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. At the U.N., Richardson addressed many difficult international negotiating challenges and crises all over the world. He served as an advocate for the realization of universal human rights and fair and democratic governance worldwide. He worked to increase security by fighting international terrorism and the creation and proliferation of biological weapons. He fought to increase awareness of the status of women in places like Afghanistan and Africa. He promoted economic development through both private and public means, and always stood for international fair labor standards. Richardson ensured that issues such as global warming, and public health crises were not overlooked.

In 1998, Richardson was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate as Secretary of Energy -- a department with deep roots in New Mexico. Upon nominating Richardson to the energy post, the president remarked, "If there's one word that comes to mind when I think of Bill Richardson, it really is energy."

Richardson won praise for his can-do, hands-on management style. He tackled tough problems - from gas prices to security lapses at nuclear weapons laboratories - and offered a host of new initiatives and achieved many successes, including several projects based here in New Mexico. He championed environmental responsibility, clean and renewable technologies, and oil and gas technologies that reduced our dependence on foreign resources. Richardson was the first Energy Secretary to ask Congress to provide compensation for current and former Energy Department workers who had become ill as a result of their work at nuclear facilities. Additionally, Richardson cut waste and created further accountability at the Department of Energy. He required projects be completed within budget, on time, and fought to end wasteful congressional pork at the agency. Two-thirds of his appointments went to women and minorities. Richardson made it a priority to create a better working environment by pushing for more childcare, fitness centers and regular meetings for DOE workers.

In 2001, Richardson assumed the chairmanship of Freedom House, a private, non-partisan organization that promotes democracy worldwide. He also worked as a business consultant in Santa Fe and served on several boards including the Natural Resource Defense Council and United Way International.

Bill Richardson has been married to his high school sweetheart, Barbara, for 35 years. Richardson received a BA from Tufts in 1970 and a MA from Tuft's Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1971.

C. Paul Robinson

C. Paul Robinson joined Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in October 1990, and in July 1995 he was selected President of Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, and Director of Sandia National Laboratories. He earlier served as Director of Systems Analysis, then Vice President of Laboratory Development. Sandia Corporation manages SNL, with principal sites in Albuquerque, NM and Livermore, CA, for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration. During his 10 years as Sandia's President, he managed the operation and growth of SNL from a $1.3-billion annual budget to more than $2.4-billion and greater than 8,500 full-time employees. Under his leadership, SNL diversified its mission support activities to include larger efforts in nuclear weapons design and development, non-proliferation and material control around the world, counterterrorism, homeland security, and support for the Defense Department and intelligence communities. He developed broad and innovative strategies for partnering with universities and industry and led a major revitalization of laboratory buildings and experimental facilities. In April 2005 Robinson stepped down as President and supported Lockheed Martin Corporation, Information and Technology Services, as an advisor for a special project. He retired from LMC and Sandia on January 31, 2006.

Robinson currently serves on the US State Department Council on International Security for Secretary Condoleeza Rice and on the NASA Advisory Council for Director Michael Griffin. Since 1991 he has served on the Strategic Advisory Group for the Commander, US Strategic Command, where he chaired the Policy Panel from 1992 to 2005. He serves on the US Nuclear Command and Control System Comprehensive Review Committee, for Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. He previously served as the Chairman of the US Presidential Technical Advisory Group on Verification of Warhead Dismantlement and Special Nuclear Materials Controls, and on the Scientific Advisory Group on Effects for the Defense Nuclear Agency, as well as the Defense Threat Reduction Advisory Committee. He has served on Defense Science Board studies, routinely provides advice to many other government agencies, and has testified before the US Congress more than 80 times.

Appointed by President Ronald Reagan, confirmed by the US Senate, and reappointed by President George H.W. Bush; Ambassador Robinson served as Chief Negotiator and head of the US Delegation to the US/USSR Nuclear Testing Talks in Geneva from 1988-90. These negotiations produced Protocols to the "Threshold Test Ban Treaty" and the "Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty." Both, along with the treaties, were ratified unanimously by the US Senate and are in force between the US and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Joint Verification Experiment, which he negotiated and carried out in 1988, laid the foundation for much of today's US/Russian Lab-to-Lab efforts. Robinson currently serves on the Nevada Test Site Advisory Council.

From 1985-88, Robinson was Senior Vice President, Principal Scientist, and Board Member of Ebasco Services, Inc., a major New York-based engineering and construction firm. He spent much of his early career (1967-85) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory serving in the Nuclear Test Division, the Advanced Concepts Group, led the Laser Spectroscopy and Isotope Separation Division (AP), and led the nuclear weapons and other defense programs.

Dr. Robinson was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1998. He received the Outstanding Public Service Medal from the Joint Chiefs of Staff for contributions to strategic forces, the Smyth Nuclear Statesman Award from the American Nuclear Society for 40 years of contributions to national nuclear efforts, the American Physical Society's Pake Prize for outstanding leadership and research accomplishments, the New Mexico Governor's Distinguished Citizen Award, and the Department of Energy's Gold Award.

Dr. Robinson earned a B.S. in Physics from Christian Brothers College and a Ph.D. in Physics from Florida State University, and also received an honorary doctorate from Christian Brothers University.